A Native Son's Chapbook
Alternative monitoring of popular culture ~ broadly defined ~ in the pursuit of deeper understanding
Tuesday, April 21, 2026
Armory memories
Colman Domingo
Proof
Vive la resistance!
Dogma redux
Friday, April 10, 2026
August Wilson's Century Cycle -- Gem of the Ocean
August Wilson seems to have had a lot on his mind when he wrote Gem of the Ocean -- history, religion, folkways, maybe even politics, but most assuredly America's tradition of racial oppression and exploitation. Maybe that's why his major characters have such enormous speaking parts ... lots and lots of words, lots and lots of stories. Is it too much?
In Act One, Aunt Ester describes a dream in which Solly was leading a group of men in a ship across the water but the ship capsized and the men were lost. While this image connects with Solly's past as a conductor on the Underground Railroad, it also, because of the fate of the passengers, suggests to me a connection with the mythological figure of Charon, who conducted souls into the netherworld. It is curious that Aunt Ester asks to be taken back across the water. Why? Solly, of course, is determined to get his sister out of Alabama where white folks "have gone crazy." A fateful decision that maybe Ester foresaw.
Solly: "What good is freedom if you can't do nothing with it? I seen many a man die for freedom but he didn't know what he was getting. If he had known he might have thought twice about it." (Act One, Scene Two). August Wilson does not make it easy. His characters are complex and seemingly conflicted. Solly's determination to free his sister from a crushing existence in Alabama seems to suggest life two generations after Emancipation was not significantly better for blacks. Is he suggesting that life in bondage would be preferable to impoverishment?
Wilson describes Black Mary as Aunt Ester's protegee, which to me is an odd description. Ester's wisdom comes from her age (or agelessness). Black Mary is described as a young woman in her 20s, which suggests she did not make the crossing from enslavement to freedom. She seems to be defined most by the house and her relationship to Ester and her brother Caesar, with whom she differs not only in age but in temperament. She also differs from Citizen Barlow in that she's found some piece in loneliness.
"One after the other they come and they go. You can't hold on to none of them. They slip through your hands. They use you up and you can't hold them. They all the time taking till it's gone. They ain't tried to put nothing to it. They ain't got nothing in their hand. They got nothing to add to it." (Act One, Scene Four) Black Mary doesn't seem to be bitter, just resigned to the emptiness.
August Wilson's Century Cycle -- Joe Turner's Come and Gone
Joe Turner's Come and Gone is as dense in character storytelling as Gem of the Ocean but it feels a little less mystical, despite Bynum's "shining man" visions. I love the characters and because there are more female characters than Gem, the play has a different feel or texture to me, more romantic, perhaps.
August Wilson's Century Cycle -- Ma Rainey's Black Bottom
Ma Rainey's Black Bottom is the play in the American Century Cycle that is not set in Pittsburgh. The action takes place in a recording studio where the great blues singer Ma Rainey is scheduled to record. Wilson's Rainey is bigger than life and rules over the proceedings even when she's not on stage.
Wilson seems to have special affection for quirky characters in whom he invests another level of moral messaging. In Ma Rainey, the character of Sylvester, Ma's stuttering driver and purported nephew from Arkansas, plays counterpoint to Levee's brash vanity. It might very well be that the ambling and affable Sylvester is actually a pawn in Ma's plan to keep everyone uneasy, to show who's boss. "All right boys, you done seen the rest now I'm gonna show you the best. Ma Rainey's gonna show you her black bottom."
August Wilson's Century Cycle -- Fences
My sense is Wilson's Fences won the Pulitizer Prize because its story is more classically tragic than his other more mystical and declamatory works -- which might have appealed to Pulitzer judges. It is, in many ways, as great as Miller's Death of a Salesman, whose sad and self-deceived titular character shares much in common with Wilson's Troy Maxson -- a man haunted and frustrated, able to accept his own failings while abjuring those of his offspring. Rose's speech at the end is just as stirring as Linda Loman's declaration in Death that "attention must be paid."
Wilson's Fences, like others in the series, begins in medias res, with Troy and his sidekick, the earnest Jim Bono, getting off work. Troy's got a few things in the works and needs an audience, which his friend is eager to provide. By the end of Scene One, Wilson has introduced us to Troy's universe (he actually describes all of the characters in terms of their relationship to Troy), including his absent brother Gabriel. When Gabriel makes his appearance in the Second Act, those familiar with Wilson's universe understand Gabe's a messenger, the latest in a line of mystics, with one foot planted on the earth and the other in the spirit world. Gabe's battle with the hell hounds, which seem not to be molesting him but those he loves, is a foreboding classical theme made even more ominous when paired with Troy's tales of wrestling with the devil -- the devil of his own bitter and grasping nature.
August Wilson's Century Cycle -- The Piano Lesson
The "lesson" of The Piano Lesson is learning the difference between value and price. Berniece and her brother, Boy Willie, view the piano with equal measures of devotion and sincerity. It is this sincerity -- and the struggle between value and price -- that makes the battle between the siblings so powerful and compelling an d won Wilson his first Pulitizer Prize.
When Wilson introduces Berniece's suitor Avery late in the first scene of The Piano Lesson, he describes him as "honest and ambitious" and one who is finding opportunities in the city that others aren't. That Avery is also a preacher and prophet is consistent with the playright's use of seers as guides for the other characters. Avery's description of the dream he said led to his calling is important, I feel, because it establishes, to whatever degree for audience members, his pastoral role and the important task that lies ahead for him as they try to expel Sutter's ghost, the residue of enslavement and oppression, from the house.
Near the end of Act 1, Boy Willie explains to Berniece and Doaker why he's so intent on selling the piano. "You can sit up here and look at that piano for the next hundred years and it's just gonna be a piano. You can't make more than that. Now I want to get Sutter's land with that piano. I get Sutter's land and I can go down and cash in the crop and get my seed. As long as I got the land and the seed then I'm alright." For Wilson's purpose, Sutter, of course, represents more than a dead white man. He epitomizes all that was taken from blacks in the South. And all that might be reclaimed.
The second half of Act Two Scene Three is the late night encounter between Lymon and Berniece, two bodies orbitting around Boy Willie, uncertain of their future but somehow, briefly, drawn together. Lymon is decked out in a suit he bought from Wining Boy and Berniece is in her night clothes. He's been outmanned by his friend while out on the town and comes to Berniece's alone with a bottle of cheap perfume and a little bit of hope. It's a touching scene, one of the tenderest Wilson crafted for this powerful play.
Wilson closes the play with the characters in a struggle with the terrible past. Boy Willie battles the ghost of the man he may or may not have pushed into a well and Berniece calls to her ancestors to give him strength to fight. The sound of train pulling in evokes the story of the Yellow Dog and the souls seemingly trapped for eternity in it. Wilson weaves together stark realism with the mystical and the fantastic, suggesting that the spirit world is never, ever far away.
August Wilson's Century Cycle -- Seven Guitars
Wilson's Seven Guitars opens with a funeral and ends with a murder. Death is always present in his plays; ghosts linger in houses and in the minds of the characters. Because of the play's structure, we know that the love affair between Vera and Floyd is doomed. So, the play's mystery is not whether she'll go with Floyd. To me, the mystery is which of the forces at work will prevent it.
Scene Two of Seven Guitars features the familiar duet between a needy, ambitious man and the woman he feels will make him whole. Floyd and Vera do a two-step of flirtation and recrimination, with Vera making it clear that missing her man's touch, after he's abandoned her for another woman, is a pain she doesn't want to revisit. The end of the scene shows her sweetening a bit but there's still a lot of miles between Pittsburgh and Chicago, Floyd's Promised Land.
The character of Hedley continues in the tradition of the hoodoo-mystics Wilson features so prominently in his work. Of the seven characters, Hedley, an amateur herbalist and chicken processor, is the one living closest to the earth, seems at once the most grounded and, as the audience discovers in short order, the maddest. The fateful misunderstanding that closes the play seems doubly tragic -- as two beloved characters clash, needlessly, lowers a dark pall over Hedley.August Wilson's Century Cycle -- Two Trains Running
August Wilson's Century Cycle -- Jitney
In Jitney, August Wilson displays a weary concision not present in his earlier works. The last play in the Century Cycle to be completed, Jitney contains the familiar Wilson themes -- men trying to become more than they are and pushing against forces that appear fixed on denying them. Noticeably absent are the mystic undercurrents, the lengthy monologues and the narrative complexity that made his earlier works much more epic in vision and execution. Jitney is a simple and direct story of "urban renewal," displacement, resistance and loss. For some, it is equal to others in the Cycle. But to others, myself include, it feels like a comparatively minor work, strong but delivering few fresh insights.
Wilson confines Jitney's action to the dispatch office where
the drivers receive calls for service. The constant entrances and exits of the
jitney drivers keeps the action in the shop connected to an off-stage world.
Toward the end of the first scene, Youngblood enters to report that a
neighborhood resident, Cigar Annie, has been evicted and is standing in the
street cursing mankind and flashing drivers. The woman never makes an
appearance but seems to represent a kind of woman in Wilson's universe, one who
has been so exploited and diminished by those around her that she's left
without fear. As Doub says, "Ain't nothing wrong with Cigar Annie. They
had her down in Mayview two or three times. They figure anybody cuss out God
and don't care who's listening got to be crazy. They found out she got more
sense than they do. That's why they let her go. She raising up her dress cause
that's all anybody ever wanted from her since she was twelve years old. She say
if that's all you want ... here it is."
Jitney's struggling couple Rena and Youngblood (Darnell) provide little of the romantic dynamism found in Wilson's other works. The tension between the two, Rena's insistence that Youngblood be a better provider for their child, is worsened by Turnbo's tireless tattling. While the destructive gossip is an hoary theatrical staple (The Children's Hour), it seems to me a device that's beneath Wilson's creative mettle and too meager to carry so much narrative weight.
August Wilson's Century Cycle -- King Hedley
King Hedley II opens with the death of the ancient sage Aunt
Ester, introduced in Wilson’s Gem of the Ocean. In keeping with Wilson’s
merging of the real and the mystical, Stool Pigeon announces she “died with her
hand stuck to her head,” symbolizing the pain and sadness she’s witnessed over
her 366 years. The madman, like his forbears in classical theater, was
predicting that Ester’s sudden death was signaling even greater tumult. King
and Mister, in particular, would be caught up in the maelstrom.
August Wilson's Century Cycle -- Radio Golf
With Radio Golf, Wilson closed out the Century Cycle with his most contained (and constrained ) work. Though the mysticism is absent, the narrative does not merge as many storylines and the romantic dynamic is muted, the play does provide a sonorous coda on Wilson's major theme of the clash between heritage and progress. The disaster that looms over Radio Golf's five characters appears to be more circumstantial, that is, more the result of negligence than racism -- although institutional racism is not too far in the wings. Some have described Radio Golf as the master playwright's most accessible play; it certainly isn't as richly bejeweled with history, folklore and philosophy. That's not to say it isn't profound and complex with Harmond Wilks standing for African American men who have aspired to greatness and been compromised by their own consciences. But, ironically, Wilks is not laid low by fate. He is actually lifted up by his grace and temperament and becomes, at least for me, a true Wilsonian hero.
Wednesday, April 8, 2026
The Real McCoys
TV babies of a certain age might remember the CBS sitcom The
Real McCoys (1957-1963) that told the story of a West Virginia farm family that
relocated to a family farm in California to make a go of it.
The series starred Oscar-winner Walter Brennan, Richard
(later "Dick") Crenna, Kathy Nolan, child actors Lydia Reed and
Michael Winkelman and one of the handful of Latino actors on television at the
time, Tony Martinez. (The most prominent was undoubtedly Cuban-immigrant Desi
Arnaz, who played Ricky Ricardo on I Love Lucy.)
Martinez played Mexican immigrant Pepino Garcia, a farmhand
who was working toward American citizenship. Garcia came with the farm, no
doubt settled during westward Depression Era migration. Martinez himself was a
talented Puerto Rican musician/bandleader/actor who had studied at Juilliard.
In looking up Martinez's biography, I had forgotten, or
never knew, that before the series ended in 1963, Pepino earned his citizenship
and took the name McCoy, to become Pepino McCoy.
I'm sure at the time that plot point warmed the hearts of
viewers, as it did Brennan's Grandpa McCoy, who believed in the American
"Melting Pot."
Today, 60 years after, it probably strikes some folks as
well-intended but wrongheaded and counter to the spirit of inclusion that
allows immigrants to retain their cultural distinctiveness and not assimilate
totally.
Something tells me MAGA nation would look at Pepino McCoy as
"one of the good ones."
Martinez died in Las Vegas in 2002 at age 82.
Monday, April 6, 2026
Peter Cetera
Cher
Pop culture fans of a certain age might know that Cheryl Sarkisian will be 80 next month.
They also might remember the big deal people made out of her plastic surgery back in the day.
No?
Me neither, because at one time folks were either too busy or too polite to call attention to the "work" people were having done.
But besides that, EVERYBODY loved Cher.
Her style.
Her grit.
Her voice.
Her laugh.
We loved that she BELIEVED in love after Sonny -- if just briefly. (Remember Allman and Woman?)
We loved her movies.
We loved her devotion to her trans son Chaz. (And we love that we have been able to watch Chaz come into his truth.)
We ached for Cher's unsuccessful attempts to help son Elijah Blue Allman battle his demons.
We loved that she admits to not being a perfect parent and that she keeps trying to do the right thing.
We love that she makes aging look easy ... even though it mostly certainly isn't.
Saturday, April 4, 2026
The Drama
Thursday, April 2, 2026
The Last Supper
Multiple Maniacs (1970)
Midway
through his 1970 tour de "farce" Multiple Maniacs, John Waters -- the
filmmaker who gave the term "bad taste" a bad name and made millions
doing it -- stages a fantasy passage that juxtaposes the crucifixion
with a sexual encounter in a church pew.
The
scene features Waters' regular cast members Divine and Mink Stole and
is clearly meant to push every button an audience member might have
about religion, especially Catholicism, and sex, especially that between
members of the same sex, in this case two women -- which itself is
being parodied because Divine (1945-1988) was an out gay man who almost
always appeared in drag in Waters' pictures.
The
producer/director/writer/editor no doubt called up a bunch of his
friends in Baltimore and asked them if they would like to be in a movie.
He couldn't pay them but he might be able to scrounge up some money for
cans of tuna and Wonder bread and maybe some pot and coke. They'd have
to be cool with profanity and nudity and some political commentary. The
"maniacs" who said "yes" are the main cast members.
David
Lochary, Mary Vivian Pearce, Edith Massey and Rick Morrow are among the
Waters regulars appearing as sideshow "freaks" who perform acts of
gross indecency -- licking telephones? -- for the neighborhood squares,
who gather in the tents and watch transfixed, carping at the "perverts."
At the end of the show, Divine robs the audience of their valuables,
and she and the "freaks" skip town with the loot. On to their next
caper.
But Madam Divine, a
narcissistic diva, is showing signs of paranoia and growing penchant for
violence. Rather than just stealing from the suckers, she now wants to
kill them. She's going mad and everyone around her is in danger.
Eventually, Divine snaps and turns into a remorseless marauder.
Yes, it's absurd, or is it?
To
cavil about the film's amateurish quality -- no budget for sets and
props or to pay actors who could deliver a professional reading of their
lines -- might be missing the point. Or, maybe the fact this picture --
one of Waters' early features -- IS so cheap and bizarre and gross IS
the point. Its existence was and is a comment on cultural and cinematic
norms, and that, children, seems to be Waters' intention here.
Sunday, March 29, 2026
Dear Sir
They Will Kill You
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